Which supplement is primarily associated with improving performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities?

The supplement that is primarily associated with improving performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities is commonly known as creatine. Creatine is a compound found naturally in muscle cells, where it helps produce energy during intense physical activities, such as weightlifting or sprinting.

When supplemented, creatine increases the amount of phosphocreatine in muscles, which in turn aids in the resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) — the energy carrier in the body. This increase in readily available energy allows individuals to perform better in explosive movements and can enhance overall exercise performance by increasing strength, power, and muscle mass.

While protein powder, whey isolate, and casein are all beneficial for muscle recovery and growth through their protein content, they do not have the same direct impact on high-intensity performance as creatine. Protein supplements are more often focused on muscle repair, synthesis, and overall dietary protein intake rather than immediate energy availability for short-duration, high-intensity efforts.