Which of the following is the second largest contributor to daily energy expenditure?

The second largest contributor to daily energy expenditure is physical activity. This component encompasses all forms of movement, including structured exercise and daily activities such as walking, cleaning, or even fidgeting. While the basal metabolic rate, which accounts for the energy expended at rest to maintain basic bodily functions, is the largest contributor, physical activity typically ranks as the second.

Physical activity can vary significantly between individuals and can have a considerable impact on overall energy expenditure. This flexibility allows for more control over energy balance, where increased physical activity can help with weight management or fat loss. In daily life, even activities that are not structured workouts contribute to physical activity levels, making it a vital area for emphasizing energy expenditure in various populations.

The thermic effect of food and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) do play roles in energy expenditure; however, they generally contribute less than physical activity. The thermic effect of food refers to the energy used in digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food, while NEAT captures the energy burned during non-exercise movements. Although these factors are important, their contributions are typically less significant compared to the energy expended through physical activity, especially in active individuals.