What is the process of determining differences in an individual's genetic makeup by examining the individual's DNA sequence?

The process of determining differences in an individual's genetic makeup by examining the individual's DNA sequence is known as genotyping. Genotyping involves analyzing specific sequences in the genome to identify variations that may be present. This can include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are the most common type of genetic variation among people.

Genotyping is essential for understanding genetic predispositions to certain traits, diseases, or responses to nutrition and exercise. It can guide personalized nutrition recommendations based on an individual’s unique genetic profile.

On the other hand, sequencing refers to determining the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA segment but does not specifically focus on identifying variations as genotyping does. Genomics encompasses the study of the entire genome, including the analysis of all genes and their functions, while phenotyping is the assessment of observable characteristics or traits that result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Thus, while these processes are related, genotyping specifically addresses the identification of genetic differences.