What is a case study?

A case study is defined as an intensive study of a specific subject or small group. This method allows researchers to conduct an in-depth analysis of the details surrounding a particular individual, group, event, or situation. Case studies are particularly valuable in fields like psychology, medicine, and social sciences, where understanding the complexities of individual circumstances can yield insights that may not be captured through broader observational studies.

This approach differs from an observational study that follows a large population over time, a randomized controlled trial that uses random assignment to eliminate bias, or a systematic review that aggregates results from multiple studies for a comprehensive conclusion. By focusing on a specific instance or limited group, case studies facilitate a deep exploration of variables and outcomes, offering nuanced understanding that can inform theory and practice.