What do confounding variables do in research studies?

Confounding variables are hidden factors that can influence the results of a research study, leading to potential inaccuracies or misinterpretations of the data. In studies, researchers aim to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. However, confounding variables can obscure this relationship by either contributing to the observed effect or creating a false correlation, making it challenging to establish causation. Identifying and controlling for confounding variables is crucial for ensuring that the conclusions drawn from the study accurately reflect the true relationship between the variables of interest. By recognizing and addressing these variables, researchers can enhance the validity of their findings.