What defines a meta-analysis?

A meta-analysis is defined as a quantitative analysis of similarly designed studies. This approach involves systematically reviewing and synthesizing data from multiple studies that have investigated the same research question. By utilizing statistical methods, meta-analysis aims to provide a clearer understanding and more reliable conclusions than what individual studies might offer on their own.

The strength of meta-analysis lies in its ability to combine results from various studies, allowing researchers to increase the sample size and enhance the statistical power of their findings. This can lead to more accurate estimates of effects, help identify patterns or overall trends, and address inconsistencies among studies. The focus on similarly designed studies ensures that the combined data is relevant and applicable across the analyses being performed.

In contrast, a narrative of primary research findings provides a summary without quantitative integration, while a qualitative review emphasizes descriptive comparisons rather than statistical synthesis. An observational framework that compares different populations does not involve aggregating data in the manner specific to a meta-analysis. Thus, the focus on quantifying data from similarly designed studies is what truly defines a meta-analysis.