What are observational studies primarily used for?

Observational studies are primarily used to determine correlations between variables. In these studies, researchers observe and analyze data from a population without manipulating any variables or conducting controlled experiments. This allows them to identify relationships and patterns, helping to establish whether an association exists between different factors—such as dietary habits and health outcomes.

While observational studies can suggest potential correlations, they do not provide evidence of causal relationships. This is due to the fact that many confounding variables may influence the outcomes, making it challenging to conclude that one variable directly affects another. Thus, the primary goal of observational studies is to highlight interesting associations that can then prompt further research, including experimental studies designed to investigate causation in more controlled settings.